What is an assumption Bohr made about the hydrogen atom? Select the correct answer below: The electron is not continuously emitting electromagnetic radiation. The electron will never change its energy. The electron does not interact with electromagnetic radiation. The electron will collide with the proton.
What aspect of the classical mechanical description of the atom is flawed? Select the correct answer below: It predicts that an electron should be constantly emitting electromagnetic radiation. It predicts that an electron should continuously spiral into the nucleus. It predicts that atoms ought to be unstable. all of the above
What aspect of the classical mechanical description of the atom is flawed? Select the correct answer below: It predicts that an electron should be constantly emitting electromagnetic radiation. It predicts that an electron should continuously spiral into the nucleus. It predicts that atoms ought to be unstable. All of the above
When an electron moves from a lower, more stable orbit to a higher-energy orbit: Select the correct answer below: energy disrupts the discrete quantities of orbits energy is radiated through blackbodies energy is absorbed in the form of a photon energy is emitted in the form of a photon
The success of Bohr's model that demanded the scientific community's attention was its ability to: Select the correct answer below: calculate Planck's constant corroborate wave-particle duality explain the gold foil experiment calculate the Rydberg constant
If an electron of a hydrogen atom transitions from n = 2 to n = 5, what will be the wavelength of the photon that must be absorbed? Use 2.18 × 10 −18 J for the Rydberg constant, 6.626 × 10 −34 J⋅s for Plank's constant, and 2.998 × 10 8 m/s for the speed of light. Report your answer in scientific notation. Use the multiplication symbol rather than the letter x in your answer. Your answer should have three significant figures. Provide your answer below: m
In the equation for the orbital radii in hydrogen-like atoms, a0 is called the: Select the correct answer below: energy level Bohr radius nuclear charge orbital constant
Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, which restricts electrons to circular orbits around the nucleus parameterized by a single number, n, can best be applied to which other species? Select the correct answer below: He H+ He+ Li+
As n increases, the distance between the energy levels: Select the correct answer below: increases decreases stays the same there is no distance between the energy levels
Which of the following is used to describe the electron configuration of an atom? Select the correct answer below: n l superscript number of electrons all of the above
Each period (row) on the periodic table corresponds to which quantum number for s and p orbitals? Select the correct answer below: principal quantum number angular momentum quantum number spin quantum number magnetic quantum number
The diagram above represents which type of magnetic material? Select the correct answer below: ferromagnetic paramagnetic ferrimagnetic antiferromagnetic
What is the Néel temperature? Select the correct answer below: the temperature at which electrons in a paramagnetic substance align, forming a permanent ferromagnet the temperature at which a paramagnetic material will become diamagnetic the temperature at which a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material will lose its permanent dipole moment and become a paramagnet the temperature at which an antiferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic
For a given energy level, which of the following subshells has the 2nd lowest energy? Select the correct answer below: s p d f
Which would be an invalid listing within an electron configuration? Select the correct answer below: 6s1 4f13 4p5 2d5
The 5p orbitals fill immediately after the 4d orbitals and immediately before the 6s based on: (select all that apply) Select all that apply: observed experimental results theoretical calculations a hypothetical idea None of the above
Which of the following is a rule indicated by the Aufbau principle? Select the correct answer below: Electrons fill subshells in order of principle quantum number first, and then by subshell (s before p before d . .) Electrons are placed in the lowest energy subshell that is not fully occupied. One electron is placed in each subshell until the electron configuration accounts for all electrons. All of the above
The Aufbau principle states that: Select the correct answer below: You must place one electron in each orbital in a subshell before doubling up. Orbitals will be filled in order of increasing energy, which is generally in order of increasing principal quantum number. No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. None of the above
What are the properties of ferromagnets? Select all that apply: They have permanent magnetic dipole moments. Unpaired electrons in these substances have aligned spins. Unpaired electrons have partially aligned spins. Local magnetic moments are in opposite directions but do not have equal magnitude and so do not cancel out completely. They can lose their permanent magnetic dipole when heated.
The diagram above represents which type of magnetic material? Select the correct answer below: ferromagnetic paramagnetic ferrimagnetic antiferromagnetic
Orbitals that have the same energy are called: Select the correct answer below: degenerate equivalent identical overlapping
What are the core electrons in phosphorus? Select the correct answer below: 1s22s22p6 3s23p3 3s23p3 1s22s22p6 none of the above
Which element has the core electrons 1s22s22p6? Select the correct answer below: He O Be Na
In an orbital diagram, such as the one below, each small box represents which of the following? Select the correct answer below: a shell a subshell an individual orbital an individual electron
What is the electron configuration for the valence electrons in chlorine? Do not include the core electrons in the configuration. Provide your answer below:
Valence electrons: Select the correct answer below: are available to do chemistry and participate in covalent bonding have the highest energy are lost first all of the above
What is the configuration for the valence electrons in cobalt's electron configuration? Do NOT include the configuration of the core electrons in your answer. Provide your answer below:
states that the lowest-energy configuration for an atom with electrons within a set of degenerate orbitals has the maximum number of unpaired electrons. Select the correct answer below: The Aufbau principle The Pauli Exclusion principle Hund's rule The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Hund's rule states that: Select the correct answer below: You must place one electron in each orbital in a subshell before doubling up. Orbitals will be filled in order of increasing energy. No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. None of the above
The principal quantum number can help define what aspect of the electron? Select the correct answer below: its spin its shape its subshell its energy
Which of the following formulas gives us ml, the total number of possible orbitals within a subshell? Select the correct answer below: ml = 2 l − 1 ml = 2l + 1 ml = 2l 3 ml = 2l
Electrons that reside in the same orbital must have different values for their: Select the correct answer below: angular momentum quantum number principal quantum number magnetic quantum number spin quantum number
Which quantum number does NOT give information about an individual orbital? Select the correct answer below: the principal quantum number the spin quantum number the angular momentum quantum number the magnetic quantum number
Which set of quantum numbers is invalid? Select the correct answer below: n = 3, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = −1/2 n = 1, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l = 3, ml = −3, ms = −1/2 n = 2, l = 0, ml = − 1, ms = 1/2
Which set of quantum numbers is invalid? Select the correct answer below: n = 1, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 2, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = −1/2 n = 3, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 2, l = 1, ml = −1, ms = −1/2
Electrons that inhabit different orbitals must have a different value for the: Select the correct answer below: principal quantum number angular momentum quantum number spin quantum number none of the above
Which of the following labels are used for quantum numbers to describe the state of an electron inside an atom? Select all that apply. Select all that apply: l m mo ms
The more precisely we know the location of a quantum particle: Select the correct answer below: the more precisely we can determine its momentum the less precisely we can determine its momentum the more precisely we can determine its mass the less precisely we can determine its mass
What did Schrödinger study in order to build his theory? Select the correct answer below: electron wavelengths nuclear patterns hydrogen-like atoms carbon-like atoms
Wavefunctions can be used to determine: Select the correct answer below: the momenta of electrons orbital radii the probable distribution of electron density in an atom none of the above
Which of the following is de Broglie's wavelength formula? Select the correct answer below: h = hmv/p λ = h + p 3 λ = hp λ = h/p
For objects with the same uncertainty in velocity, the minimum uncertainty in the position Select the correct answer below: increases with increasing mass. decreases with increasing mass. is independent of mass. decreases over time
The angular momentum of an electron will be: Select the correct answer below: parallel to its orbit tangent to its orbit perpendicular to its orbit zero
When Schrödinger applied his wave equation to hydrogen, he was able to reproduce: Select the correct answer below: Bohr's expression for energy the Rydberg formula both of the above none of the above
In Schrödinger's equation (H^ψ = Eψ), what does E represent? Select the correct answer below: set of mathematical operations representing the total energy of the particle the actual total energy of the particle the kinetic energy of a particle only none of the above
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle does not apply when measuring which pair of observable quantities? Select the correct answer below: The position or momentum of an electron. The kinetic energy and momentum of an electron. The vector components of angular momentum for an electron. The time required for an electron to undergo an energy transition and the change in the energy of the electron.
Which of the following contributed to the idea that electrons occupy orbitals? Select the correct answer below: Aufbau principle Pauli exclusion principle Hund's principle Heisenberg uncertainty Principle
Identify the element with the lowest exothermic (least negative) electron affinity based on periodic trends. Select the correct answer below: Sr Na F P
Which of the following has the smallest atomic radius? Select the correct answer below: Ne Al Mg Ar
Which of the following species is expected to have the smallest radius? Select the correct answer below: S2− Cl− Ar K+
Which element has the smallest covalent radius on the periodic table? Select the correct answer below: H He Fr Lr
Which of the following has the highest second ionization energy (IE2)? Select the correct answer below: Li K Na Cs
What determines the difference in size of atoms or ions if they are isoelectronic? Select the correct answer below: the number of orbitals the number of neutrons the number of electrons the number of protons
Based on periodic trends, which of the following elements is likely to have the largest electron affinity? Select the correct answer below: Ca Si S Mg
Which of the following elements has the highest first ionization energy? Select the correct answer below: Li B F C
Which of the following has the lowest electron affinity? Select the correct answer below: a N In Ge
Which of the following elements has the largest covalent radius? Select the correct answer below: Pb Sb Br Bi
Which of the following elements has the smallest covalent radius? Select the correct answer below: Ge Si As P
Which of the following species has the largest radius? Select the correct answer below: O2− F− Ne Na+
Which of the following may contribute to the increased radius of an anion compared to parent atom? Select all that apply: Additional electrons lead to more electron-electron repulsion, which will increase the average distances of all the outer orbitals from the nucleus. Fewer protons lead to more electron-electron repulsion, which will increase the average distances of all the outer orbitals from the nucleus. The charge of the nucleus decreases. None of the above.
The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for the process of adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion). Which of the following is true about the electron affinity? Select the correct answer below: Electron affinity is always negative. Electron affinity is always positive. Electron affinity is always zero. The sign of the electron affinity depends on the element.