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An NMOS device is plugged into the test configuration shown below in Figure 0.4. The input Vin = 2 V. The current source draws a constant current of 50 µA. R is a variable resistor that can assume values between 10 kΩ and 30 kΩ. Transistor M1 experiences short channel effects and has following transistor parameters: k’ = 110*10-6 V/A2, VT = 0.4 , and VDSAT = 0.6V. The transistor has a W/L = 2.5µ/0.25µ. For simplicity body effect and channel length modulation can be neglected. i.e λ=0, γ=0.

An NMOS device is plugged into the test configuration shown below in Figure 0.4. The input Vin = 2 V. The current source draws a constant current of 50 µA. R is a variable resistor that can assume values between 10 kΩ and 30 kΩ. Transistor M1 experiences short channel effects and has following transistor parameters: k’ = 110*10-6 V/A2, VT = 0.4 , and VDSAT = 0.6V. The transistor has a W/L = 2.5µ/0.25µ. For simplicity body effect and channel length modulation can be neglected. i.e λ=0, γ=0.

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An NMOS device is plugged into the test configuration shown below in Figure 0.4. The input Vin = 2 V. The current source draws a constant current of 50 µA. R is a variable resistor that can assume values between 10 kΩ and 30 kΩ. Transistor M1 experiences short channel effects and has following transistor parameters: k’ = 110*10-6 V/A2, VT = 0.4 , and VDSAT = 0.6V. The transistor has a W/L = 2.5µ/0.25µ. For simplicity body effect and channel length modulation can be neglected. i.e λ=0, γ=0.

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The circuit of Figure 0.6 is known as a source-follower configuration. It achieves a DC level shift between the input and output. The value of this shift is determined by the current I0. Assume γ = 0.4, 2|φf| = 0.6 V, VT0 = 0.43 V, k’ = 115 µA/V2, and λ = 0. The NMOS device has W/L = 5.4µ/1.2µ such that the short channel effects are not observed. a. Derive an expression giving Vi as a function of Vo and VT(Vo). If we neglect body effect, what is the nominal value of the level shift performed by this circuit. b. The NMOS transistor experiences a shift in VT due to the body effect. Find VT as a function of Vo for Vo ranging from 0 to 1.5V with 0.25 V intervals. Plot VT vs. Vo. c. Plot Vo vs. Vi as Vo varies from 0 to 1.5 V with 0.25 V intervals. Plot two curves: one neglecting the body effect and one accounting for it. How does the body effect influence the operation of the level converter? At Vo (body effect) = 1.5 V, find Vo (ideal) and, thus, determine the maximum error introduced by body effect.
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