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For the given Fig., for VDD = 5V, and threshold voltage (VTH) of NMOS transistors M1, M2, M3 = 1 V. The value of Vmax3 is 5 V 4 V 3 V 2 V

For the given Fig., for VDD = 5V, and threshold voltage (VTH) of NMOS transistors M1, M2, M3 = 1 V. The value of Vmax3 is 5 V 4 V 3 V 2 V

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For the given Fig., for V D D = 5 V , and threshold voltage ( V T H ) of NMOS transistors M1, M2, M3 = 1 V . The value of V m a x 3 is 5 V 4 V 3 V 2 V

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Q1. Consider the CMOS inverter of which the transistors have the following parameters: μnCox = 4μpCox = 160 μA/V2, ∣γ| = 0.5 V1/2, 2Φf = 0.5 V, λ = 0.001 V−1, Vtno = 0.6 V, Vtpo = −0.8 V, (W/L)n = 1 and (W/L)p = 4. The supply voltage VDD = 3.3 V. The capacitive load at the output node is 20 pF. The input voltage Vin is expected to be a perfect periodic square wave with full swing (low level : 0 V, high level: VDD). (a) Calculate tl, the time required for the output voltage Vout to change from 0 V to the threshold voltage of the inverter, using the average-current method. (b) Write the expression of calculation of t2, the time required for the output voltage Vout to change from 2.9 V to the 0.4 V, using the analytical method (integral). Then calculate t2 using the average-current method. (c) Determine the maximum frequency of the periodic square wave input so that the output signal will have a full swing in each cycle. (d) Calculate the peak value of in, the NMOS transistor current, during the transition, and its average value over a clock cycle T. (The average value here is not the same as the average-current in the "average-current method" for delay estimation) (e) If the capacitive load is now changed to be 250 pF, what can be done to make tl and t2 unchanged?
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The NMOS transistors in the circuit of Fig. 1 have VTH0 = 300 mV, unCox = 0.15 mA/V2, lambda = 0 V-1, Vcc = 1.2 V, gamma = 0.45 V0.5, W = 2 um and L1 = 0.40 um. a) Sketch the current and transconductance of NMOS versus Vx(R1=0.1kohm, I1=1 mA) for the input voltage source (Vx) varying between 0V and 2Vcc. (Hint: Determine the different regions of operation of a transistor and derive a current equation for each region, then find the threshold voltage for changing the operation region. Likes below figure) b) For the circuit in Figure 3, sketch the output voltage versus Vb for the bulk voltage source (Vb) varying between 0 V and 1 V. The bulk of the transistor should be considered, phiF = 0.45 V. c) For the circuit considered in Figure 3, explain qualitatively what would happen for Vb > 1 V.

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