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The circuit of Fig. P2.2 uses an op amp that is ideal except for having a finite gain A. Measurements indicate vO = 4.0 V when vI = 1.0 V. What is the op-amp gain A?

The circuit of Fig. P2.2 uses an op amp that is ideal except for having a finite gain A. Measurements indicate vO = 4.0 V when vI = 1.0 V. What is the op-amp gain A?

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The circuit of Fig. P2.2 uses an op amp that is ideal except for having a finite gain A. Measurements indicate vO = 4.0 V when vI = 1.0 V. What is the op-amp gain A?

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Nonideal (i.e., real) operational amplifiers respond to both the differential and common-mode components of their input signals (refer to Fig. 2.4 for signal representation). Thus the output voltage of the op amp can be expressed as vO = AdvId +AcmvIcm where Ad is the differential gain (referred to simply as A in the text) and Acm is the common-mode gain (assumed to be zero in the text). The op amp’s effectiveness in rejecting common-mode signals is measured by its CMRR, defined as CMRR = 20 log|Ad/Acm| Consider an op amp whose internal structure is of the type shown in Fig. E2.3 except for a mismatch ∆Gm between the transconductances of the two channels; that is, Gm1 = Gm – 1/2∆Gm Gm2 = Gm + 1/2∆Gm Find expressions for Ad , Acm, and CMRR. What is the maximum permitted percentage mismatch between the two Gm values if a minimum CMRR of 60 dB is required?

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