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A dental X-ray typically affects 190 g of tissue and delivers about 4.1 μJ of energy using X-rays that have wavelengths of 0.025 nm. What is the energy Ephoton , in electron volts, of X-ray photons? Ephoton = How many photons, N, are absorbed during the dental X-ray? Assume the body absorbs all of the incident X-rays. N = photons

A dental X-ray typically affects 190 g of tissue and delivers about 4.1 μJ of energy using X-rays that have wavelengths of 0.025 nm. What is the energy Ephoton , in electron volts, of X-ray photons? Ephoton = How many photons, N, are absorbed during the dental X-ray? Assume the body absorbs all of the incident X-rays. N = photons

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A dental X-ray typically affects 190 g of tissue and delivers about 4.1 μ J of energy using X-rays that have wavelengths of 0.025 n m .
What is the energy E photon , in electron volts, of X-ray photons?
E photon =
◻ How many photons, N , are absorbed during the dental X-ray? Assume the body absorbs all of the incident X-rays.
N =
◻ photons

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Mastering presents homework items assigned by your instructor and works with you to answer them. Homework items typically have an introduction, possibly figures, and one or more parts for you to answer. Part A What is the magic number in (Figure 1)? You could try to guess the magic number but you would probably use up all your tries before getting the correct answer. Notice the View Available Hint(s) link underneath the question statement for this part. Selecting this link will open up a list of hints that will guide you to the correct number. Hint 1 for Part A. How to approach the problem Notice that there are two hints for this question. You are not required to use all of the hints or to use them in order. Each hint has a tagline that describes its contents. Based on the tagline you can decide whether or not a particular hint will be useful to you. Your instructor may choose to give you a bonus for not using hints or to deduct a small penalty for using hints. If you are stuck, using the hints will usually result in a higher score than simply trying to guess because you may lose fewer points for opening a hint than for getting the answer to the main question incorrect. To help you, the magic number is equal to 10⋅x, where x is a number between 1 and 8. Now, open up the second hint to uncover the value of x. Hint 2for Part A. What is x? You are told from the previous hint that the magic number is equal to 10⋅x. For this problem, x is equal to 6. Use this to compute the magic number and enter it below. magic number Part B Multiple-choice questions have a special grading rule determined by your instructor. Assume that your instructor has decided to grade these questions in the following way: If you submit an incorrect answer to a multiple-choice question with n options, you will lose 1/(n-1) of the credit for that question. Just like the similar multiple-choice penalty on most standardized tests, this rule is necessary to prevent random guessing. If a multiple-choice question has five answer choices and you submit one wrong answer before getting the question correct, how much credit will you lose for that part of the question? 100% 50% 33% 25% 20%

Mastering presents homework items assigned by your instructor and works with you to answer them. Homework items typically have an introduction, possibly figures, and one or more parts for you to answer. Part A What is the magic number in (Figure 1)? You could try to guess the magic number but you would probably use up all your tries before getting the correct answer. Notice the View Available Hint(s) link underneath the question statement for this part. Selecting this link will open up a list of hints that will guide you to the correct number. Hint 1 for Part A. How to approach the problem Notice that there are two hints for this question. You are not required to use all of the hints or to use them in order. Each hint has a tagline that describes its contents. Based on the tagline you can decide whether or not a particular hint will be useful to you. Your instructor may choose to give you a bonus for not using hints or to deduct a small penalty for using hints. If you are stuck, using the hints will usually result in a higher score than simply trying to guess because you may lose fewer points for opening a hint than for getting the answer to the main question incorrect. To help you, the magic number is equal to 10⋅x, where x is a number between 1 and 8. Now, open up the second hint to uncover the value of x. Hint 2for Part A. What is x? You are told from the previous hint that the magic number is equal to 10⋅x. For this problem, x is equal to 6. Use this to compute the magic number and enter it below. magic number Part B Multiple-choice questions have a special grading rule determined by your instructor. Assume that your instructor has decided to grade these questions in the following way: If you submit an incorrect answer to a multiple-choice question with n options, you will lose 1/(n-1) of the credit for that question. Just like the similar multiple-choice penalty on most standardized tests, this rule is necessary to prevent random guessing. If a multiple-choice question has five answer choices and you submit one wrong answer before getting the question correct, how much credit will you lose for that part of the question? 100% 50% 33% 25% 20%

Mastering presents homework items assigned by your instructor and works with you to answer them. Homework items typically have an introduction, possibly figures, and one or more parts for you to answer. Part A What is the magic number in (Figure 1)? You could try to guess the magic number but you would probably use up all your tries before getting the correct answer. Notice the View Available Hint(s) link underneath the question statement for this part. Selecting this link will open up a list of hints that will guide you to the correct number. Hint 1 for Part A. How to approach the problem Notice that there are two hints for this question. You are not required to use all of the hints or to use them in order. Each hint has a tagline that describes its contents. Based on the tagline you can decide whether or not a particular hint will be useful to you. Your instructor may choose to give you a bonus for not using hints or to deduct a small penalty for using hints. If you are stuck, using the hints will usually result in a higher score than simply trying to guess because you may lose fewer points for opening a hint than for getting the answer to the main question incorrect. To help you, the magic number is equal to 10⋅x, where x is a number between 1 and 8. Now, open up the second hint to uncover the value of x. Hint 2for Part A. What is x? You are told from the previous hint that the magic number is equal to 10⋅x. For this problem, x is equal to 6. Use this to compute the magic number and enter it below. magic number Part B Multiple-choice questions have a special grading rule determined by your instructor. Assume that your instructor has decided to grade these questions in the following way: If you submit an incorrect answer to a multiple-choice question with n options, you will lose 1/(n-1) of the credit for that question. Just like the similar multiple-choice penalty on most standardized tests, this rule is necessary to prevent random guessing. If a multiple-choice question has five answer choices and you submit one wrong answer before getting the question correct, how much credit will you lose for that part of the question? 100% 50% 33% 25% 20%
Solution
3 0

Grading for Numeric Answers Tolerance Some numeric answers to questions need to be exact. For example, the answer to the question "How many days are in a week?" must be exactly 7. In general though, numeric answers are graded as correct if they fall within an acceptable range (or tolerance) of the official correct answer. For example, if the answer to a numeric problem with a tolerance of 2% was 105, then entering any value between approximately 103 and 107 would be graded as correct, as shown in the region shaded green below. The typical grading tolerance in Mastering is 2-3%, although this value may vary (e.g. more lenient) depending on the particular problem. A number line is marked at 100, 105, and 110, where 105 is the properly-rounded answer. A green shaded region extends beyond 105 by 2 percent of this value in each direction. 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In general though, numeric answers are graded as correct if they fall within an acceptable range (or tolerance) of the official correct answer. For example, if the answer to a numeric problem with a tolerance of 2% was 105, then entering any value between approximately 103 and 107 would be graded as correct, as shown in the region shaded green below. The typical grading tolerance in Mastering is 2-3%, although this value may vary (e.g. more lenient) depending on the particular problem. A number line is marked at 100, 105, and 110, where 105 is the properly-rounded answer. A green shaded region extends beyond 105 by 2 percent of this value in each direction. Significant Figures While Mastering does not directly grade your answer based on the number of significant figures it contains, the tolerance mentioned above is centered around the properly-rounded answer (as opposed to the full-precision answer). 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Instead, you would receive feedback from Mastering telling you to check the rounding of your final answer, although you would not be deducted any points. Part A What is the area of a rectangle that is 3.1 cm wide and 4.4 cm long? Enter the full-precision answer first to see the corresponding feedback before entering the properly-rounded answer. (You do not need to enter the units in this case since they are provided to the right of the answer box). Part B Calculate the volume of a rectangular prism with a length of 4.4 cm, a width of 3.1 cm, and a height of 6.3 cm. (As before, you do not need to enter the units since they are provided to the right of the answer box.) Part C The momentum of an object is determined to be 7.2×10-3 kg⋅m/s. Express this quantity as provided or use any equivalent unit. (Note: 1 kg = 1000 g). 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Significant Figures While Mastering does not directly grade your answer based on the number of significant figures it contains, the tolerance mentioned above is centered around the properly-rounded answer (as opposed to the full-precision answer). In some problems you will be explicitly told how many significant figures your answer should contain. You may find that entering extra significant figures than required often causes your answer to still fall within the accepted tolerance and thus graded as correct. However, there are problems where not rounding properly may cause your answer to fall outside the accepted tolerance, so it's important to follow the general rules for significant figures, as the following example illustrates. Suppose you are asked to find the area of a rectangle that is 3.1 cm wide and 4.4 cm long. The full-precision answer from your calculator would be 13.64 cm2, although given the rules for significant figures, this answer should be rounded to two significant figures before being entered, or 14 cm2. If you were to enter 13.64 cm2, it would not be graded as correct since this value falls outside the 2% tolerance of the properly-rounded answer of 14 cm2. Instead, you would receive feedback from Mastering telling you to check the rounding of your final answer, although you would not be deducted any points. Part A What is the area of a rectangle that is 3.1 cm wide and 4.4 cm long? Enter the full-precision answer first to see the corresponding feedback before entering the properly-rounded answer. (You do not need to enter the units in this case since they are provided to the right of the answer box). Part B Calculate the volume of a rectangular prism with a length of 4.4 cm, a width of 3.1 cm, and a height of 6.3 cm. 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The typical grading tolerance in Mastering is 2-3%, although this value may vary (e.g. more lenient) depending on the particular problem. A number line is marked at 100, 105, and 110, where 105 is the properly-rounded answer. A green shaded region extends beyond 105 by 2 percent of this value in each direction. Significant Figures While Mastering does not directly grade your answer based on the number of significant figures it contains, the tolerance mentioned above is centered around the properly-rounded answer (as opposed to the full-precision answer). In some problems you will be explicitly told how many significant figures your answer should contain. You may find that entering extra significant figures than required often causes your answer to still fall within the accepted tolerance and thus graded as correct. However, there are problems where not rounding properly may cause your answer to fall outside the accepted tolerance, so it's important to follow the general rules for significant figures, as the following example illustrates. Suppose you are asked to find the area of a rectangle that is 3.1 cm wide and 4.4 cm long. The full-precision answer from your calculator would be 13.64 cm2, although given the rules for significant figures, this answer should be rounded to two significant figures before being entered, or 14 cm2. If you were to enter 13.64 cm2, it would not be graded as correct since this value falls outside the 2% tolerance of the properly-rounded answer of 14 cm2. Instead, you would receive feedback from Mastering telling you to check the rounding of your final answer, although you would not be deducted any points. Part A What is the area of a rectangle that is 3.1 cm wide and 4.4 cm long? Enter the full-precision answer first to see the corresponding feedback before entering the properly-rounded answer. (You do not need to enter the units in this case since they are provided to the right of the answer box). Part B Calculate the volume of a rectangular prism with a length of 4.4 cm, a width of 3.1 cm, and a height of 6.3 cm. (As before, you do not need to enter the units since they are provided to the right of the answer box.) Part C The momentum of an object is determined to be 7.2×10-3 kg⋅m/s. Express this quantity as provided or use any equivalent unit. (Note: 1 kg = 1000 g). Part D Enter the following expression in the answer box below: √2gλ3m, where λ is the lowercase Greek letter lambda.
Solution
2 0